Looking For Anything Specific?

Header Ads

Air and transmission of COVID‑19

 Air and transmission of COVID‑19

 Research  has  shown  that  newly  infected  patients  have  no  clinical  symptoms  and  can  easily  be  the  source  of  the  spread  and  transmission  of  SARS-CoV-2.  This  transmission  can  be  through  sneezing,  coughing,  talk-ing to other people at close range, and through the foul airflow  (Li  et  al.  2020;  Zhi  2020).  Based  on  the  avail-able evidence, it is not thought that air diffusion is one of  the  main  transmission  routes  (Dehghani  and  Kas-siri 2020).  Non-invasive  ventilation,  high  flow  oxygen  therapy, intubation/extubation, nebulization, open suc-tioning  of  airway  secretions,  bronchoscopy,  induction  of sputum, bag and mask ventilation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation,  etc.  are  the  principal  causes  of  SARS-CoV-2  aerosol  release  in  airflow  (CDC  2020d).  For  example, the role of environmental pollution in several ospitals  has  been  evaluated  following  the  outbreak  of  MERS-CoV  in  2015  in  Korea,  as  well  as  experimen-tal  studies  on  the  survival  and  stability  of  MERS-CoV  on  surfaces  and  air  (Bin  et  al.  2016).  There  is  also  the  possibility  of  air  stability  for  SARS-CoV-2.  Therefore,  the  use  of  viral  filters  and  closed  suctioning,  airflow  changes,  and  negative  pressure  air  pollution  in  closed  environments,  with  the  probability  of  infection,  is  rec-ommended  (Malhotra  et  al.  2020).  Thus,  people  in  contaminated  environments  should  use  a  mask  and,  if  there  is  no  mask,  should  use  face  masks  (Bowdle  and  Munoz-Price 2020).  Facial  hair  can  provide  a  way  for  SARS-CoV-2, to penetrate (Malhotra et al. 2020). Using non-standard  masks  can  also  exacerbate  the  incidence  of SARS-CoV-2 (Jones and Xia 2018). Besides, wearing a  mask  in  some  health  workers  has  shown  symptoms  of claustrophobia, respiratory distress, discomfort, and skin  irritation  (Barratt  et  al.  2019).  The  most  available  type  is  the  N95  mask,  which  according  to  studies  can  be sterilized and reused by hydrogen peroxide, gamma rays from CO60, UV rays, dry and wet heat, and ethyl-ene oxide. In the meantime, the use of radiation is pref-erable to other methods (Card et al. 2020; Cramer et al. 2020; Kenney et al. 2020). Gamma CO60 with a dose of 10  KG  can  sterilize  the  N95  mask  used  in  SARS-COV  environments, and kill the virus (Feldmann et al. 2019). However, high doses of radiation may damage the fibers of the mask and allow air to pass through without puri-fication,  but  it  does  not  have  secondary  radiation  and  its  side  effects  (Harrell  et  al.  2018).  Hydrogen  perox-ide  is  also  a  useful  antiviral  and  has  no  adverse  effects  on the respiratory tract (Viscusi et al. 2009). Enhanced Traffic  Control  Bundling  (eTCB)  was  very  effective  at  the  time  of  the  SARS-COV  outbreak.  Due  to  the  simi-larity of this disease with COVID-19, the application of this strategy can prevent the transmission of the disease through  the  air.  (Yen  et  al.  2020).  In  this  way,  patients  with  clinical  symptoms  quarantined,  other  people  use  disinfectant  and  PPE  during  patients’  visits  to  the  hos-pital.  This  process  has  been  approved  in  the  control  of  other  epidemic  diseases  such  as  Ebola  and  SARS-CoV  and is currently being implemented in COVID-19 pan-demics  (Ong  et  al.  2020,  Schwartz  et  al.  2020b;  Yen  et  al. 2015).  The  possibility  of  transmitting  bioaerosols  with the ability to move up to 6 feet through the air has also been reported in the internal environment of oph-thalmologists  (CDC  2020c).  As  a  result,  HEPA  filters  have been used for ventilation. Still, air-born emissions for SARS-CoV-2 have not yet been reported. According to  available  evidence,  it  is  not  confirmed  that  air  can  be  one  of  the  principal  causes  of  transmission.  There-fore, it can be predicted that if any suspended matter is created in the air of medical centers, the transfer will be easy

Post a Comment

0 Comments