personal cleanliness In Islam

 
personal cleanliness In Islam(Ghusl)
 
Ghusl (Arabic: غسل‎ Ġusl , IPA: [ˈɣʊsl]) is an Arabic term referring to the full-body ritual purification mandatory before the performance of various rituals and prayers, for any adult Muslim after having sexual intercourse, ejaculation[1][2] or completion of the menstrual cycle,[3] although wudu or just sleep, without either, are acceptable prior to performing ghusl.
The washing is also recommended but not required (i.e. it is mustahabb) before Jumu'ah[5] and Eid[6] prayers, before entering the ihram in preparation for Hajj, after having lost consciousness and after formally converting. Sunni Muslims also perform the ablution before Namaz-e-tawbah (Prayer of Repentance).

Ghusl is often translated as "full ablution", as opposed to the "partial ablution" of wudu وضوء that Muslims perform after lesser impurities such as urination, defecation, flatulence, deep sleep, and light bleeding

Types of ghusl by purpose

Ghusl becomes obligatory for seven causes, and the ghusl for each of these different causes has different names:

    Ghusl Janabat is ghusl performed after sexual intercourse or ejaculation.
    Ghusl Hayd is following menstruation.
    Ghusl Nifas is following lochia.
    Ghusl Mayyit is ghusl performed on a dead Muslim.

In some denominations, two further categories obligate ghusl:

    Ghusl Istihada is for irregular bleeding (in women).
    Ghusl Mas-hil Mayyit becomes obligatory if one directly touches a dead body.[8]
    Ghusl also becomes obligatory following a vow or oath to perform it.

Water requirements

Similar to wudu, some water is permissible for use for ghusl whereas some water is not. Permissible water sources include:

    Rainwater
    Well water
    Spring, sea, or river water
    Water of melting snow or hail
    Water of a big tank or pond[9]

Ghusl is not allowed with unclean or impure water or water extracted from fruit and trees.

The acts of ghusl

The Quranic mandate for ghusl comes in surah an-Nisa:

    O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are in a state of drowsiness until you know what you are saying or in a state of janabah, except those passing through [a place of prayer], until you have washed [your whole body]. And if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and find no water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and your hands [with it]. Indeed, Allah is ever Pardoning and Forgiving.[Quran 4:43 (Translated by Sahih International)]

The phrase translated as 'intercourse' in this verse has been interpreted by Hanafi scholars to mean sexual contact, while Shafi'i scholars interpret it to mean both physical and sexual contact. Hence, the Hanafi school of thought does not require one to take wudu if there is non-sexual contact with a member of the opposite sex, while the Shafi'i school of thought does require wudu before salah and so on

Farā'id of Ghusl (Hanafi Guidelines)

There are three fard (obligatory) acts. If one of these acts is omitted, it must be returned to and completed before the remaining acts.[11]

    Rinsing the inner mouth.
    Sniffing water and blowing it out.
    Washing the entire body.

Sunnah of Ghusl

Optional alternate method as demonstrated by the Islamic Prophet Muhammad :.

1.     Washing both the hands up to the wrists.
2.     Wash the private parts with the left hand and remove dirt or filth from the body.
3.     Perform wudu (ablution).
4.     Pour water over the head three times, and rub the hair so that the water reaches the roots of the hair.
5.     Then wash the body, making sure that the water reaches all parts, starting with the right side of the body and then the left, and rubbing it with the hands so that the water reaches the entire body.

In Islam, ghusl requires the washing of the full body. There are some differences in details between the Sunni and the Shia schools of thought.
Sunni school of thought

1.  Start by making niyyah (intention) to perform Ghusl, say bismillah (in the name of Allah) and cleanse yourself of impurities.[3][11][12]
2.  Wash the right hand up to and including the wrist (and between the fingers) three times, then similarly for the left hand.
3.  Wash the private parts and remove dirt or filth from the body.
4.  Perform Wudu as if for prayer. Ensure that the mouth and nostrils are thoroughly rinsed three times. If sitting on a stool or stone while bathing then the feet should also be washed when performing Wudu. But if sitting in a muddy place, feet should not be washed at this stage.
5.  Water should be poured over the head three times so that it flows all over the body, ensuring that the roots of hairs and parts not easily reached by water such as the back of the knees are washed thoroughly.[3]
6. Pour water over the both shoulders three times each (starting from the right shoulder). Hands should be passed all over the body when water is poured so that no part of the body is left dry.
7.  Move to a clean spot and wash the feet if not washed during Wudu
8.   As at the end of Wudu, it is recommended to recite the Shahada.

If, after Ghusl, one recalls that a certain portion of the body is left dry, it is not necessary to repeat the Ghusl, but merely wash the dry portion. It is not sufficient to pass a wet hand over the dry place. If one has forgotten to rinse the mouth or the nostrils, these too could be rinsed when recalled after Ghusl has been performed.

The following hadith describes how ghusl should be performed by Sunni Muslims.

A hadith attributed to Aisha bint Abi Bakr reports:[citation needed]
When Allah's Messenger bathed because of sexual intercourse, he first washed his hands; he then poured water with his right hand on his left hand and washed his private parts. He then performed wudu as is done for prayer. He then took some water and ran his fingers in the roots of his hair. And when he found that it had been properly moistened, he poured three handfuls on his head and then poured water over his body and subsequently washed his feet.