1617 – Sweden signed the Treaty of Stolbovo to end the Ingrian War with Russia, making large territorial gains.
1870 – The current flag of Japan (pictured) was first adopted as a civil ensign for Japanese merchant ships.
1900 – FC Bayern Munich, Germany's most successful football club, was founded.
1940 – American biochemists Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben discovered carbon-14, a radioactive isotope of carbon, which is now used extensively as the basis of the radiocarbon dating method to date archaeological and geological samples.
2002 – Violent riots, perceived to have been instigated by a train fire that killed 58 Hindu pilgrims, broke out in the Indian state of Gujarat, killing at least 1,000 people, mostly Muslims, over three days.
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